Which action enforces that a case must be owned by a user when it is closed to improve reporting accuracy?

• A. Validation Rule.
• B. Assignment Rule.
• C. Process Builder and Flow.
• D. Data Tool.

Answer: (A)

Enforcing data integrity at the moment a case is saved is what a Validation Rule does. In this scenario, you want to guarantee that once a case is closed, it has an owner who is a user (not a queue). A validation rule blocks the save if the condition isn’t met, so a user can’t close a case unless the OwnerId points to a user record. This makes reporting reliable because every closed case carries a definite user owner, avoiding gaps or misclassifications caused by unowned or queue-owned records.

A typical rule would check that the case is closed and that the owner is a user (for example, testing the OwnerId prefix to ensure it starts with the user ID prefix). If someone tries to close a case owned by a queue or with no owner, the save is blocked and a clear message is shown.

Other options aren’t as suitable here: an Assignment Rule assigns ownership but doesn’t enforce a rule at close; Process Builder or Flow could enforce the same condition but adds automation complexity; a Data Tool isn’t used for real-time validation on save.